Wyoming's ghost towns come from three waves. The Union Pacific crossed the territory in 1867 and 1868 and left a string of construction camps, forts and coal towns along its line: Bear River City, Fort Fred Steele, Sherman at the summit of the original grade, and Carbon, the state's first coal town, abandoned when the railroad moved its main line to Hanna in 1899 and the mines closed in 1902. Gold found at South Pass in 1867 built South Pass City, Atlantic City and Miner's Delight at the southern tip of the Wind River Range, and later strikes made short-lived camps at Kirwin in the Absarokas and in the copper district of the Sierra Madre, where Ed Haggarty's 1897 find fed a 16-mile aerial tramway to the Encampment smelter and camps like Battle and Rambler, near 10,000 feet on Battle Pass, were empty by about 1912. Coal camps such as Gebo and Cambria came and went with their mines, and the Cold War uranium boom built Jeffrey City in 1957 and emptied it after 1982.
The sites are spread across the southern half of the state, along I-80 and around South Pass, with a second cluster in the Big Horn Basin. What survives ranges from South Pass City, kept by the state with more than 30 historic buildings, and Miner's Delight's 17 log and rough-lumber buildings on BLM land, to Carbon, with foundations, mine ruins and a refurbished cemetery, and Kane, which lies under Bighorn Lake. Many sites are on private ranch land; the best ones to visit are the state historic sites and the camps on public land.